Material selection underpins safety, uptime, and total cost of ownership in pressure vessels, heat exchangers, furnaces, and wet‑corrosion environments. The landscape ranges from carbon steel plates like ASTM A516 GR 70 for pressure service to austenitic stainless grades such as JIS G4305 SUS304 and JIS G4305 SUS316, and onward to high‑nickel corrosion‑resistant alloys like Alloy…